In one such study, researchers at the University of Wisconsin have developed a vaccine, until now tested only in animals, that stimulates a strong immune response against bacteria entering the bladder. The scientists found that this vaginal immunization elicited an immune response that protected the entire lower urinary tract. The investigators are conducting further studies to determine the safety of this technique before their vaccine can be tested in humans.

Recently, the NIDDK established six new research centers around the country with the goal of reducing the major causes of kidney and urinary tract diseases through innovative research. The lead investigators, their institutions, and research focus are listed on the following pages.

Resource:
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Public Health Service
National Institutes of Health
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES & DIGESTIVE & KIDNEY DISEASES
NIH Publication No. 88-2097
April 1988
This booklet is not copyrighted. Readers are free to duplicate and distribute copies as needed. Please send comments or questions to Publications Editor, NIDDK, Office of Health Research Reports, Building 31, Room 9A04, Bethesda, MD 20892.

GEORGE M. O'BRIEN KIDNEY AND UROLOGICAL RESEARCH CENTERS

Barry M. Brenner, M.D.
Division of Nephrology
Brigham and Women's Hospital
721 Huntington Avenue
Boston, Massachusetts 02115
(617) 732-5850
Kidney Disease of Diabetes Mellitus
Kidney Transplant Rejection

Richard L. Tannen, M.D.
Division of Nephrology
University of Michigan
D3238 South Ambulatory Care Building
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
(313) 936-4890
Glomerulonephritis

Harry R. Jacobson, M.D.
Vanderbilt University
School of Medicine
Nashville, Tennessee 37232
(615) 322-4794
Progressive Glomerular Sclerosis
Kidney Transplant Rejection

Robert G. Luke, M.D.
Division of Nephrology
University of Alabama at Birmingham
University Station
Birmingham, Alabama 35294
(205) 934-3585
Effects of High Blood Pressure on the Kidney
Glomerulonephritis
Interstitial Nephritis

Ahmad Elbadawi, M.D.
SUNY Upstate Center
750 East Adams Street
Syracuse, New York 13210
(315) 473-4750
Urinary Tract Obstruction

John T. Grayhack, M.D.
Department of Urology
Northwestern University Medical School
303 East Chicago Avenue
Chicago, Illinois 60611
(312) 649-8145
Enlargement of the Prostate Gland

Suggestions for Additional Reading

The following materials can be found in medical libraries, many college and university libraries, and through interlibrary loan in most public libraries.

"Chlamydia," Information sheet prepared by and available from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Building 31, Room 7A32, Bethesda, MD 20892, Aug. 1985.

Corriere, Joseph N., Jr., et al., "Cystitis: Evolving Standard of Care," Patient Care, Feb. 29, 1988, pp. 33-47.

Fowler, Jackson E., Jr., "Urinary Tract Infections in Women," Urologic Clinics of North America, Nov. 1986, pp. 673-683.

Gillenwater, Jay Y., et al., eds. Adult and Pediatric Urology, vol. 1. Chicago: Year-book Medical Publishers, 1987.

Komaroff, Anthony L., "'Simple' Cystitis: It's Not So Simple Anymore," Modern Medicine, Feb. 1985, pp. 116-127.

Krieger, John N., "Complications and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections During Pregnancy," Urologic Clinics of North America, Nov. 1986, pp. 685-693.

Kunin, Calvin M. Detection, Prevention and Management of Urinary Tract Infections, 4th edition. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1987.

Roberts, James A., "Bacterial Adherence and Urinary Tract Infection," Southern Medical Journal, March 1987, pp. 347-351.

Spencer, Julia R., and Schaeffer, Anthony J., "Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections," Urologic Clinics of North America, Nov. 1986, pp. 661-672.

Stamm, Walter E., et al., "Acute Renal Infection in Women: Treatment with Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole or Ampicillin for Two or Six Weeks: A Randomized Trial," Annals of Internal Medicine, March 1987, pp. 341-345.

Walsh, Patrick C., et al., eds. Campbell's Urology, vol 1.5th edition. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1986.

Additional Information

The NIDDK sponsors the newly formed National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse, which collects, produces, and distributes information about kidney and urinary tract disorders to health professionals and the public. For information about kidney and urinary tract disorders, contact the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse, Box NKUDIC, Bethesda, MD 20892, telephone (301) 468-6345.

This booklet was written by Joan Chamberlain of NIDDK's Office of Health Research Reports. The draft was reviewed by NIDDK scientists as well as urologists Philip Hanno, M.D., of the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, and Jay Gillenwater, M12), of the University of Virginia Medical School, who kindly provided their thoughtful comments.